Question |
Answer |
bedrock |
solid rock layer near the surface of the earth |
index fossil |
fossils of a widely distributed organism that lived during only one short period |
mineral |
a solid element or compound from the earth's crust that has a definite chemical composition and crystal shape |
sedimentary rock |
rock that forms from sediments that harden under conditions of extreme heat and pressure |
mineral |
a solid elements or compound from the earth's crust that has a definite chemical composition and crystal shape |
index fossils |
fossils of a widely distributed organism that lived during only one short period |
cast |
fossil formed when sediments or minerals fill a mold and take on the same shape as the original living thing |
lava |
melted rock that reaches the earth's surface |
mold |
a fossilized impression made in the substrate |
top soil |
the first 4 to inches of soil, and it contains the humus and is usually dark brown in color |
fossil |
the remains of a plant or an animal that died a long time ago and has become part of a rock |
magma |
underground pool of molten rock |
pH scale |
a set of numbers between 0 ajd14 used to measure the strength of acids and bases |
volcano |
a mountain that forms when hot melted rock flows through a crack onto the surface of the earth |
fossil fuel |
a non-renewable type of fuel formed from the remains of plants or sea creatures millions of years ago |
mantle |
the layer of earth, under the crust, in which plate movement is generated |
plate tectonics |
the theory in which the land masses float and are constantly moving |
weathering |
process in which rocks are broken down into smaller pieces by ice, water, the wind, changes in temperature, plants, animals, or by chemicals |
glacier |
a huge moving body of ice |
metamorphism |
the changing of one type of rock to another by heat, pressure, and chemical processes |
rock cycle |
the changing and evolution of rocks from one type of rock to another that takes place over time |
igneous rock |
rock formed from cooling and hardening magma |
mid-ocean range |
a long mountain range on the ocean floor |
sea-floor spreading |
molten rock hardens as it cools and pushes the older ocean floor apart |
mantle |
the layer of earth, under the crust, in which plate movement is generated |
fault |
a break in earth's crust along which sections of rocks slide past each other |
metamorphic rock |
rock formed when igneousor sedimentary rock is changed by heat or pressure |