Science Vocabulary 100 Words Part 2

Question Answer
bedrock solid rock layer near the surface of the earth
index fossil fossils of a widely distributed organism that lived during only one short period
mineral a solid element or compound from the earth's crust that has a definite chemical composition and crystal shape
sedimentary rock rock that forms from sediments that harden under conditions of extreme heat and pressure
mineral a solid elements or compound from the earth's crust that has a definite chemical composition and crystal shape
index fossils fossils of a widely distributed organism that lived during only one short period
cast fossil formed when sediments or minerals fill a mold and take on the same shape as the original living thing
lava melted rock that reaches the earth's surface
mold a fossilized impression made in the substrate
top soil the first 4 to inches of soil, and it contains the humus and is usually dark brown in color
fossil the remains of a plant or an animal that died a long time ago and has become part of a rock
magma underground pool of molten rock
pH scale a set of numbers between 0 ajd14 used to measure the strength of acids and bases
volcano a mountain that forms when hot melted rock flows through a crack onto the surface of the earth
fossil fuel a non-renewable type of fuel formed from the remains of plants or sea creatures millions of years ago
mantle the layer of earth, under the crust, in which plate movement is generated
plate tectonics the theory in which the land masses float and are constantly moving
weathering process in which rocks are broken down into smaller pieces by ice, water, the wind, changes in temperature, plants, animals, or by chemicals
glacier a huge moving body of ice
metamorphism the changing of one type of rock to another by heat, pressure, and chemical processes
rock cycle the changing and evolution of rocks from one type of rock to another that takes place over time
igneous rock rock formed from cooling and hardening magma
mid-ocean range a long mountain range on the ocean floor
sea-floor spreading molten rock hardens as it cools and pushes the older ocean floor apart
mantle the layer of earth, under the crust, in which plate movement is generated
fault a break in earth's crust along which sections of rocks slide past each other
metamorphic rock rock formed when igneousor sedimentary rock is changed by heat or pressure
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