| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| dairy science is the science of (3 things) | science of 1. producing 2. processing 3. marketing milk |
| milk processing in the united states 1990 __lbs | 148 billion lbs |
| milk produced annually in the unitesd states in 2002 ___lbs | 169 billion lbs |
| four types of people involved | 1. processors 2. retailor s 3. service 4. supply |
| number of farms us | less than 100,000 |
| number of cows | 9.2 million cows |
| why does the industry exist (4) | 1. consumer demand 2. efficient use of resources 3. competitively priced product 4. opportunity for profit |
| consumer demand is increased by (4 things) | 1. population increase 2. per capita demand 3. advertising 4. quality product |
| quality product includes mainly (2things) | taste and saftey |
| animal efficeince from feed most and least efficent animals | dairy cow — most efficient beef and lamb least efficient |
| labor efficiency from 1955 to 1988 how has efficience changed | efficiency has increased and per cwt has decreased |
| male (name and weight at birth | bull 55-150 lbs |
| female (name and weight at birth) | heifer 50-130 lbs |
| father cow | sire |
| mother cow | dam |
| male puberty (age and weight) | 10-12 months 5-900 lbs |
| female puberty (age and weight) | 6-10 months 4-750 lbs |
| puberty is influenced by (2things) | breed and nutrition |
| wean from dam | cow taken from its mother |
| wean from milk | has to eat big cow food |
| estrous cycle is how many days long | 21 days long |
| estrus is what and how long | is heat and it is 18 hours long |
| estrus | the time period during which a female is sexually receptive |
| how long does the first breeding last | 12-17 months |
| how many days does gestation last | 283 |
| first calving is in how many months | 21-26 |
| gestation | period during which embryo develops |
| producer | manufacturer of a product |
| calving | giving birth to a calf |
| freshening | to begin lactating |
| heifer | female cow |
| breeding | application of genetic principals to the improvement of farm animals |
| dry period | the time from drying off to re-calving |
| length of dry period (cow and first calver) | regular cow is two months first calvers before there second is three months |
| zero milk | calving (freshening) |
| zero milk | begining of lactation |
| 4-6 weeks | peak milk yield |
| 80-120 days | rebreeding |
| 305-365 days | quit milking and dry off |
| lactation makes how many lbs of milk | 7-35,000 lbs of milk |
| lactation in gallons | 800-4100 gallons |
| 8.6 lbs of milk makes how many gallons | 1 gallon |
| productive life = how many lactations | three to four |
| why is CA popular for dairy? | low humidity good location |
| PA decreasing? | all small farm refusal to change |
| top two dairdy production | US and New Zealand |
| milk sale trends up or down total whole 2 light | down, down, up , up |
