Physical Education Essay

Physical Education 2014 Terms and Definitions Agonies and Antagonist – these are terms for muscles, which work in pairs. Agonies – Is the muscle, which Is the prime mover and creates the Nominal movements via contraction e. G. The bicep Is the antagonist muscle, when you pull your arm towards you bending at the elbow. Antagonist – is the muscle, which relaxes to allow the movement to occur e. G. He triceps will relax to allow your arm the bend at the elbow. Flexing – decreasing the angle between two Joints e. G. Bending at the elbow or bending at the knee. Flexing also occurs at other Joints Like the shoulder or hip where here may not be any obvious bend in the joint. Extension – increasing the angle between two joints e. G. Straightening the elbow or knee. Extension cans also occur at the shoulder or hip Joints.

Adduction – side ways movement of a limb towards or across the centerline of the body. Abduction – side ways movement of a limb away from the body. Rotation – Turning movement around an imaginary line like a wheel turning on its axis or a person doing a somersault. Circumlocution – in circumlocution the end of a bone moves in a circle an example of this is bowler in cricket. Movement Agonies (prime mover) Antagonist (relaxed) Wrist Flexing

Floor Doldrums Extensor Doldrums Elbow Flexing Biceps Triceps Elbow Extension Shoulder Flexing Anterior Deltoid Pectorals Major, Biceps Posterior Deltoid Ultimatums Doors, Triceps Shoulder Extension Posterior Deltoid, Ultimatums Doors Anterior, Pectorals Major Shoulder Adduction Ultimatums Doors, Pectorals Major Shoulder Abduction Deltoid Spine/Trunk Flexing Erects Abdominal Erector Spinal Spine/Truck Extension Hip Flexing Lollipops, Quadriceps Glutens Maximum, Hamstring Hip Extension Knee Flexing Hamstrings Quadriceps Dereliction Tibias Anterior Gastroenteritis, Coleus Popularization Bohemianism Linear Motion

Motion that occurs is a straight line. All parts of the body move in the same direction and at the same speed (e. G. Jumping up in the air to catch a ball or traveling in a car). Line out Jumper in Rugby Union Drag Race Angular Motion Motion that occurs around an axis – this axis can be internal (e. G. Body parts rotating around a Joint) or external (e. G. Spinning a ball on your finger). Spinning a ball around your finger Spinning figure skater General Motion A combination of linear and angular motion – this is the most common of all movements, as most human movement requires the rotation of body parts around joint (e. Cycling, swimming and running). Apply your knowledge Classify the following physical activities as linear motion or angular motion or general motion 1. Sprinting – General 2. Rebounding a basketball – Linear 3. Driving a car – Linear 4. Tossing a underhand ball in basketball – Rotary/General 5. Horse Riding – Linear 6. Lawn Bowls – General/Rotary Centre of gravity can be defined as the single point at which all parts of an objects are equally balanced’. For a ‘normal’ human being standing upright, their center of gravity lies around the area of their navel.

A person’s center of gravity can change depending on their body session because as mentioned before, the center of gravity is the exact point where all parts of an object are equally balanced. The center of gravity can also lie outside an object; especially of the object is bent over or learning in a certain direction. Center AT gravity Gravity Line of gravity is the vertical line that passes through the center of gravity to the ground. If the line of gravity falls within the object’s base of support (I. E. TTS contact with the ground), the object is relatively stable. If the line of gravity falls outside the objects base of support (I. E. Its contact with the ground), the object is relatively unstable. Line of gravity – The line of gravity is important when determining the stability of an object. Base of Support BOSS is the area within an objects point of contact with the ground. The larger the area the base of support covers, the more stable an object will be. The line of gravity (LOG) must go outside the base of support to initiate or continue movement.

I en Loretta Tanat ten line AT gravity takes relative to ten BOSS wall De ten direction of the resulting movement. The further away the LOG is from the ASS, the greater the tendency the body has to move in the direction. E. G. Evasive running. What is Force A push, pull or twist that causes movement of an object. Force = Mass x Acceleration Levers are used to apply a force Consist of a pivot point (fulcrum) and a lever arm (connecting the pivot point to the resistance).

Levers – are used to apply force Downwards Pressure Resistance Fulcrum Lever Arm The amount of leverage a person processes is dependent on the length of their body, in particular the length of their arms and legs. Longer Levers result in greater speed at the end of the lever arms – this is beneficial for throwing and striking objects. Short levers can be moved with less force and at greater speeds – this is beneficial or moving body parts quickly and applying strength for pushing and lifting objects. Question: From this information, what can you assume about a shorter person in comparison too taller person.

In the human body, levers are made up of the Joints (fulcrum) and the bones that connect them to the objects being moved. Levers in the human body can be manipulated to improve speed and apply large Tortes at ten same time Example: Running – lifting your foot and knee up will create a shorter levers, therefore you can run faster. First Class Lever: The fulcrum lies between the load and the effort. Provide an example, of a first class lever. First Class Lever Load Applied Force Second class Lever: The load lies between the fulcrum and the effort.

Provide an example of a second-class lever. Second-Class Lever Effort Load Third Class Lever: The effort lies between the fulcrum and the load. Provide an example of a third class lever. Third Class Lever Newton’s Law (Mass, Force, Acceleration) When exploring the area of bohemianism and human movement, it is useful to look at motion through the observations made by Sir Newton. Newton was a famous seventeenth-century scientist who developed the three laws that govern all motion. Newton’s 1st Law ‘A Day continues In I acts upon it. TTS state AT rest or multiform motion unless an unlaced Torte In other words, a body will remain at rest or in motion unless acted upon by a force. In order to get a body moving, a force must overcome the body tendency to remain at rest or inertia. The amount of inertia a body has depends in its mass. This soccer ball will remain at rest, until a force acts on it. Newton’s 2nd Law The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the force causing it, is in the same direction as the force, and is inversely proportional to the mass of the object.

When a force is applied to an object it will move in the direction the force was applied, and, depending on the size of the force and the size of the object, the object will accelerate accordingly. A smaller object will move faster than a larger object. A greater force will move an object faster than a smaller force. Whenever a force is applied there is an equal and opposite reaction. ‘ If an athlete a force onto the ground in order to push off, the ground will exert an equal and opposite force on the athlete, pushing them up into the air. The first force of the athlete pushing into the ground is called an action force.

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