| Term/Question | Definition/Answer |
|---|---|
| Piaget's Cognitive Theory of Development | The theory that children's thought progresses through for stages of development |
| List Piaget's Four Stages of Development | Sensorimotor, Pre-Operational, Concrete Operational, and Formal Operational |
| Rite of Passage | A ritual marking the symbolic transition from one social position to another dramatizing and validating changes in a person's status |
| Resocialization | The process of discarding former behavior patterns and accepting new ones as part of a transition in one's life |
| Gerontology | The study of the sociological and psychological aspects of aging and the problems of aging adults |
| Ascribed Status | A social position assigned to a person by society without regard for the person's unique talents or characteristics |
| Achieved Status | A social position that is within our power to change |
| Master Status | A status that dominates others and thereby determines a person's general position in society |
| What are the 3 Stages of Berger and Luckmann's model describing interdependent relationships between the individual and society? | Constructing culture, constructing the self, and constructing society |
| Role Conflict | Incompatible expectations arise from two or more social positions held by the same person |
| What was the Stanley Milgram Experiment? | Milgram conducted an experiment on obedience and how people would react when being told, not physically forced, to do something |
| Social Control | The techniques and strategies for preventing deviant human behavior in any society |
| Conformity | Abiding by the norms of our peers even though they have no direct authority over us |
| Obedience | Doing what a person in a position of authority over you says you should do |
| Informal Social Control | Social control that is carried out casually by ordinary people through such means as laughter, smiles, and ridicule |
| Formal Social Control | Social control that is carried out by authorized agents, such as police officers, judges, school administrators, and employers |
| Deviance | Behavior that violates that standards of conduct or expectations of a group or society |
| Stigma | Labeling individuals or members of a group as less than whole persons due to some attribute that marks them as different in the eyes of others |
| White-Collar Crime | Illegal acts committed by affluent, "respectable" individuals in the course of business activities, such as tax evasion |
| Victimless Crime | Acts involving the willing exchange among adults of widely desired, but illegal, goods and services |
| Organized Crime | The work of a group that regulates relations among criminal enterprises involved in illegal activities, including prostitution, gambling, and the smuggling and sale of illegal drugs |
| Social Control | Society brings about acceptance of basic norms through techniques and strategies for preventing deviant human behavior |
| What is Hirschi's Control Theory? | Our connection to members of society leads us to systematically conform to society's norms |
| Kinship | The state of being related to others |
| Substantive Definition of the Family | A definition of the family based on blood, meaning shared genetic heritage, and law, meaning social recognition and affirmation of the bond including both marriage and adoption |
| Monogamy | A form of marriage in which one woman and one man are married only to each other |
| Serial Monogamy | A form of marriage in which a person may have several spouses in his or her lifetime but only one spouse at a time |
| Polygamy | A form of marriage in which an individual may have several husbands or wives simultaneously |
| Polygyny | A form of marriage in which a man may have more than one wife at the same time |
| Polyandry | A form of marriage in which a woman may have more than one husband at the same time |
| Functionalist Definition of Families | A definition of families that focuses on how families provide for the physical, social, and emotional needs of individuals and of society as a whole |
| Patriarchy | A society in which men dominate the family decision making |
| Matriarchy | A society in which women dominate the family decision making |
| Egalitarian Family | An authority pattern in which spouses are regarded as equals |
| Familism | Placing the interests of the family before those of the individual |
| Cohabition | The practice of a man and a woman living together in a sexual relationship without being married |
| Endogamy | The restriction of mate selection to people within the same group |
| Exogamy | The requirement that people select a mate outside a certain group |
