| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A naturally occurring solid mixture of one or more minerals or organic matter is called | a rock |
| The continual process by which new rock forms from old rock is called | the rock cycle |
| Rocks have been used used by humans throughout history for tools, weapons, and | buildings |
| Which of the following forces affects rock deep beneath Earth's surface? | pressure |
| A rock at the Earth's surface is primarily affected by forces of | weathering and erosion |
| A rock deep underground is primarily affected by forces of | extreme heat and pressure |
| What kind of new material is formed when metamorphic rock melts? | magma |
| What kind of new rock is formed when igneous rock is subjected to weathering, erosion, compaction, and cementation? | sedimentary rock |
| What kind of new rock is formed when sedimentary rock is subjected to heat and pressure? | metamorphic rock |
| magma in the Earth's crust that has risen to the Earths surface and cools and solidifies | igneous rock |
| rock that is forced downward and is exposed to heat and pressure | metamorphic rock |
| rocks that are partially or completely melted | magma |
| igneous rock at the Earth's surface that is weathered and wears away | sediment |
| sediment that washes down into rivers and oceans and is pressed and cemented together | sedimentary rock |
| The process in which water, wind, ice, and heat break down rocks is called | weathering |
| One reason that weathering is important is because it breaks rock down into fragments, or ____, from which sedimentary rocks are made | sediment |
| The process by which sediment is removed from its source is called | erosion |
| During __, sediment is deposited in bodies of water and other low-lying areas | deposition |
| Sedimentary rock can be made when sediment is pressed and cemented together by __ dissolve in water. | minerals |
| Some __ rock is made when sediment is squeezed by the weight of the rock materials that lies above it | sedimentary |
| Movement within the Earth that causes buried rock to be exposed at the Earth's surface is called | uplift |
| When uplifted rocks reach __, weathering, erosion, and deposition begin | Earth's surface |
| Beyond the three basic types of rock, rocks can be divided into subcategories based on | composition and texture |
| What is the chemical makeup, or mineral content, of a rock based on? | its composition |
| A rock that consists mostly of the mineral quartz will have a composition very similar to | quartz |
| What do the size, shape, and positions of the grains that make up a rock determine? | the rock's texture |
| What factors can affect the texture of a sedimentary rock? | the size of the grains that make up the rock |
| What factors can affect the texture of an igneous rock? | the length of time the magma had to cool |
| What factor can affect the texture of a metamorphic rock? | the pressure and temperature the rock was exposed to |
