Term |
Definition |
Weathering |
The natural process by which atmospheric and environmental agents, such as wind, rain, and temperature chances, disintegrate and decompose rocks |
Mechanical Weathering |
The process by which rocks break down into smaller pieces by physical means |
Abrasion |
The grinding and wearing away of rock surfaces through the mechanical action of other rock or sand particles |
Chemical Weathering |
The process by which rocks break down as a result of chemical reactions |
Acid Precipitation |
Rain, sleet, or snow that contains a high concentration of acids |
Differential Weathering |
The process by which softer, less weather resistant rocks wear away at a faster rate than harder, more weather resistant rocks do |
Soil |
A loose mixture of rock fragments, organic material, water, and air that can support the growth of vegetation |
Parent Rock |
A rock formation that is the source of soil |
Bedrock |
The layer of rock beneath soil |
Soil Texture |
The soil quality that is based on the proportions of soil particles |
Soil Structure |
The arrangement of soil particles |
Humus |
Dark, organic material formed in soil from the decayed remains of plants and animals |
Soil Conservation |
A method to maintain the fertility of the soil by protecting the soil from erosion and nutrient loss |
Erosion |
The process by which wind, water, ice, or gravity transports soil and sediment from one location to another |