| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Matter | Anything that has mass and takes up space. |
| Mass | The material/stuff that matter is made up of- it can be measured. |
| Space/Volume | The specific area/place that matter takes up. |
| Density | D=m/v The amount of mass in specific volume of space |
| Atom | Smallest part of an element, the building blocks of all matter |
| Electron | Particle of atom with a negative charge, moves around the nucleus and has an attractive force that allows it to bond with other atoms creating everything in the universe |
| Proton | Particle of an atom with a positive charge located inside the nucleus |
| Neutron | Particle of an atom with a neutral /no charge located inside the nucleus along with the proton |
| Periodic Table | Large grid that identifies and classifies all of the elements by their chemical and physical properties |
| Element | The simplest substances that cannot be broken down / they make up all matter in the universe |
| Periods/Rows | Rows that tell how many energy levels each elements has for the electrons to move around |
| Groups or Family/Columns | Columns that tell how many valence electrons each element has / the number of electrons that can move on its outer shell / energy level |
| Valence Electrons | The electrons that move on the outer shell / energy level of an atom |
| Atomic Number | How many protons an element has inside the nucleus / usually is same # of neutrons and electrons |
| Atomic Mass | The measurement of the mass for an elements atoms |
| Chemical Property | The ability of substances to combine with one another forming new and different compounds and molecules |
| Physical Property | The state of matter and appearance of a substance |
| Ionic Bond | When elements either lose or gain an electron during bonding |
| Covalent Bond | When elements share electrons during bonding |
| Chemical Change/Reaction | Elements bond together through the attractive force of electrons creating some type of reaction and change |
| Compound/Molecule | Two or more elements combine together in a specific ratio/pattern creating a whole, new and different substance |
| Mixture | Two or more substances combine together keeping their original properties, they do NOT change into a new substance/compound |
| Nobel Gases | all of the elements in Group #18 – they are the most stable elements because they have eight electrons in their outer shell |
| Halogens | All of the elements in Group #17 – they are very reactive bonding easily with elements in Group #1 because they have seven valence electrons and want to be stable |
| Alkali Metals | All of the elements in Group #1 – they are very reactive because they have only one valence electron |
| Metalloids | Elements between metals and non-metals that can react either way, they have 3 – 7 valence electrons |
