| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| matter | anything that takes up space and has mass |
| mass | the material that matter takes up |
| volume | how much room/space matter takes up |
| density | D = m/v The amount of material/stuff matter takes up within a specific space |
| atom | smallest part of an element, the building blocks of all matter. |
| electron | particle of an atom that surrounds the nucleus, it has a negative charge and attractive force to bond with other atoms |
| proton | particle of an atom that that positive charge located in the nucleus. |
| neutron | particle of an atom with a neutral/no charge located inside the nucleus along with the proton. |
| Periodic Table | large grid that identifies and classifies all of the elements by their chemical and physical properties. |
| element | the simplest substances that cannot be broken down / they make up all matter in the universe. |
| periods/rows | rows that tell how many energy levels each elements has for the electrons to move around. |
| groups or family/columns | columns that tell how many valence electrons each element has / the number of electrons that can move on it outer shell / energy level. |
| valence electrons | the electrons that move on the outer shell / energy level of an atom. |
| atomic number | how many protons an element has inside the nucleus / usually is the same # of neutrons and electrons. |
| atomic mass | the measurement of the mass for an elements atoms. |
| chemical property | the ability of substances to combine with one another forming new and different compounds and molecules |
| physical property | the state of matter and appearance of a substance. |
| Ionic Bond | When elements either lose or gain an electron during bonding. |
| Covalent bond | When share electrons during bonding. |
| Chemical Change/ Reaction | elements bond together through the attractive force of electrons creating some type of reaction and change |
| Compound/molecule | two or more elements combine together in a specific ratio/pattern creating a whole, new and different substance. |
| Mixture | Two or more substances combine together keeping their original properties, they do NOT change into a new substance/ compound. |
| Nobel Gases | all of the elements in group #18- they are the most stable elements because they have eight electrons in their outer shell. |
| Halogens | All of the elements in group#17- they are very reactive bonding easily with elements in group #1 because they have seven valence electrons and want to be stable. |
| Alkali Metals | all of the elements in group #1- they are very reactive because they have only one valence electrons. |
| Metalloids | elements between metals and non-metals that can react either way, they have 3-7 valence electron |
