Term |
Definition |
matter |
anything that takes up space and has mass |
mass |
the material that matter is made up of |
volume |
how much room/space matter takes up |
density |
D=m/v the amount of material/stuff mass takes up within a specific space |
atom |
smallest part of an element, the building blocks of all matter |
electron |
particle of an atom that surrounds the nucleus, it has a negative charge and an attractive force to bond with other atoms |
proton |
particle of an atoms that positive charge located in the nucleus |
neutron |
particle of an atom with a neutral/no charge located in the nucleus along with the proton |
Periodic Table |
large grid that identifies and classifies all of the elements by their chemical and physical properties |
element |
the simplest substance that cannot be broken down, they also make up all the matter in the universe |
periods/rows |
rows that tell how many energy levels each elements has for the electrons to move around |
groups or families/columns |
columns that tell how many valence electrons each element has/ the number of electrons that can move in its outer shell/ energy levels |
valence electrons |
the electrons that move on the outer shell/ energy level of an atom |
atomic number |
how many protons an element has inside the nucleus/ usually is the same # of electrons and neutrons |
atomic mass |
the measurement of the mass for an element's atoms |
chemical property |
a whole new substance that is irreversible and has a reactivity |
physical property |
the appearance, size,shape,texture stays the same substance |
ionic bond |
when elements either gain or lose an electron during bonding |
covalent bond |
when elements share electrons during bonding |
chemical change/reaction |
elements bond together due to an attractive force of electrons creating some type of reaction and change |
compound/molecule |
two or more elements combine together in a specific ratio/pattern creating a whole, new and different substance |
mixture |
two or more elements combine together keeping their original properties, they DO NOT CHANGE into a new substance |
nobel gases |
all of the elements in GROUP 18- they are the most stable elements because they have eight electrons in their outer shell |
halogens |
all of the elements in GROUP 17- they are very reactive bonding easily with elements in Group 1 because they have 7 valence electrons nad want to be stable |
alkali metals |
all of the elements in GROUP 1- they are very reactive because they have only one valence electron |
metalloids |
elements between metals and non metals that can react either way, they have 3-7 valence electrons |
endothermic |
Chemical reaction that absorbs energy |