| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| matter | anything that takes up space and has mass |
| mass | the material that matter is made up of |
| volume | how much room/space matter takes up |
| density | D=m/v the amount of material/stuff mass takes up within a specific space |
| atom | smallest part of an element, the building blocks of all matter |
| electron | particle of an atom that surrounds the nucleus, it has a negative charge and an attractive force to bond with other atoms |
| proton | particle of an atoms that positive charge located in the nucleus |
| neutron | particle of an atom with a neutral/no charge located in the nucleus along with the proton |
| Periodic Table | large grid that identifies and classifies all of the elements by their chemical and physical properties |
| element | the simplest substance that cannot be broken down, they also make up all the matter in the universe |
| periods/rows | rows that tell how many energy levels each elements has for the electrons to move around |
| groups or families/columns | columns that tell how many valence electrons each element has/ the number of electrons that can move in its outer shell/ energy levels |
| valence electrons | the electrons that move on the outer shell/ energy level of an atom |
| atomic number | how many protons an element has inside the nucleus/ usually is the same # of electrons and neutrons |
| atomic mass | the measurement of the mass for an element's atoms |
| chemical property | a whole new substance that is irreversible and has a reactivity |
| physical property | the appearance, size,shape,texture stays the same substance |
| ionic bond | when elements either gain or lose an electron during bonding |
| covalent bond | when elements share electrons during bonding |
| chemical change/reaction | elements bond together due to an attractive force of electrons creating some type of reaction and change |
| compound/molecule | two or more elements combine together in a specific ratio/pattern creating a whole, new and different substance |
| mixture | two or more elements combine together keeping their original properties, they DO NOT CHANGE into a new substance |
| nobel gases | all of the elements in GROUP 18- they are the most stable elements because they have eight electrons in their outer shell |
| halogens | all of the elements in GROUP 17- they are very reactive bonding easily with elements in Group 1 because they have 7 valence electrons nad want to be stable |
| alkali metals | all of the elements in GROUP 1- they are very reactive because they have only one valence electron |
| metalloids | elements between metals and non metals that can react either way, they have 3-7 valence electrons |
| endothermic | Chemical reaction that absorbs energy |
