| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Matter | Anything that has mass and takes up space |
| Mass | the material/ stuff that matter is madeup of – it can be measured |
| Space / Volume | the specific area/ place that matter takes up |
| Density | D=m/vth amount of mass in a specific volume of space |
| Atom | smallest part of an element , the building blocks of all matter |
| Electron | particle of atom with a negative charge, moves around the nucleus and has an attractive force that allows it to bond with other atoms creating everything in the universe. |
| Proton | Particle of an atom with a positive charge located inside the nucleus |
| Neutron | Particle of an atom with a neutral /no charge located inside the nucleus along with the proton |
| Periodic Table | Large grid that identifies and classifies all of the elements by their chemical and physical properties |
| Element | the simplest substances that cannot be broken down/they make up all matter in the universe |
| Periods / Rows | rows that tell how many energy levels each elements has for the electrons to move around |
| Groups of family / Columns | Columns that tell how many valence electrons each element has/ the number of electrons that can move on its outer shell/ energy level |
| Valence Electrons | The electrons that move on the outer shell / energy level of an atom |
| Atomic Mass | the measurement of the mass for an elements atoms |
| Chemical Property | the ability of substances to combine with one another forming new and different compounds and molecules |
| Physical Property | the state of matter and appearance of a substance |
| Ionic Bond | when elements either lose or gain an electron during bonding |
| Covalent Bond | when elements share electrons during bonding |
| Chemical Change / Reaction | elements bond together through the attractive force of electrons creating a whole, new and different substance |
| Compound / Molecule | two or more elements combine together in a specific ratio/pattern creating a whole, new and different substance |
| Mixture | two or more substances combine together keeping their original properties, they DO NOT CHANGE into a new compound/substance |
| Nobel Gases | all of the elements in group #18 they are most stable elements because they have eight electrons in thier outer shell |
| Halogens | all of the elements in group#17 they are very reactive bonding easily with elements in group #1 because they have seven valence electrons and want to be stable |
| Alkali Metals | all of the elements in group #1 they are very reactive because the only have one valence electron |
| Metalloids | Elements between metals and non-metals that can react either way, they have 3-7 valence electrons |
