| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| matter | anything that has mass and takes up space |
| mass | the material that matter is made up of |
| volume | how much room or space matter takes up |
| density | the amount of material or stuff matter takes up within a specific space. The formula is Mass divided by Volume |
| atom | the smallest part of an element |
| electrons | part of an element with a negative charge. it creates eveything in the universe. |
| protons | part of an element with a positive charge |
| neutron | particle of element with a neutral charge |
| periodic table | a large chart that organizes all of the elements |
| element | a pure substance that cannot be broken down |
| periods/rows | rows that tell how many energy levels each element has |
| group/family/column | columns that tell how many valence electrons each element has |
| valence electrons | electrons on the outer shell of the atom |
| atomic number | how many protons an element has inside the nucleaus / usually is the same number of neutrons and electrons |
| atomic mass | the measurement of the mass for an elements atoms |
| chemical property | the ability of substances to combine with one another, forming new and different compunds and molecules |
| physical property | the state of matter and apperance of a substance |
| ionic bond | when elements either lose or gain an electron during bonding |
| covalent bond | when elements share electrons during bonding |
| chemical change/reaction | elements bond together through the attractive force of electrons creating some type of reaction and change |
| compound/molecule | two or more elements combine together in a specific ratio/pattern creating a whole, new and different substance |
| mixture | two or more substances combine together keeping their original properties, they do not change into a new substance/compound |
| nobel gases | All of the elements in group #18- they are the most stable elements because they have eight electrons in their outer shell |
| halogens | All of the elements in group #17- they are very active, bonding easily with elements in group #1 because they have 7 electrons and want to be stable |
| alkali metals | All of the elements in group #1- they are very active because they only have one electron |
| metalloids | elements between metals and non-metals that can react either way, they have 3-7 valence electrons |
