Vocabulary For Matter and Elements

Term Definition
Matter anything that has mass and takes up space
mass material that is made up of matter
volume how much space matter takes up
density the amount of material that takes up space
atom the building blocks of matter and the smallest part of an element
electron particle of the atom the surrounds the nucleus and has attractive forces with other atoms and has a negative and positive charge
proton a positive electric charge equal to that of an electron, but of opposite sign
neutron part of an atom found in the nucleus and has a negative charge
periodic table a grid that groups and classify the elements into columns by their chemical and physical properties
period/rows periods tell how many energy levels are around the nucleus and the columns tell us how many atoms are in the energy level
groups/columns the number of electrons that can move out of their outer shell and their energy levels
valence electrons its the energy level of atoms and electrons that move out of the outer shell
atomic number same number of neutrons and electrons
atomic mass the measurement of the mass for atoms in an element
chemical property the ability of substances to combine with each other creating a new molecule and compound
physical property the appearance of a substance and its state of matter
ionic bond elements lose or gain an electron during bonding
covalent bond elements share electrons during bonding
chemical bonding/reaction a type of reaction and change and were elements bond together through attractive force
compound/molecule elements combined together in a specific pattern creating new substances
mixture is when two or more things combine keeping the original form
Nobel gases they have 18 electrons in their outer shell
halogens they bond easily with other elements and they are stable
alkali metals they are very reactive and they only have one valence electrons
metalloids elements between metals and non-metals that can react either way, they have 3-7 valence electrons
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