| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Matter | Anything that takes up space or has mass. |
| Mass | The material that makes up matter. |
| volume | How much room/space matter takes up. |
| density | D=m/v the amount of material/stuff matter takes up within a specific space. |
| atom | The smallest part of an Element, a building block of matter. |
| electron | A particle of an atom with a negative charge. |
| proton | A particle of an atom which is positive energy. |
| neutron | A particle of an atom which has no energy it is neutral. |
| Periodic Table | Grid that identifies and classifies the Elements into periods and groups by their chemical. |
| periods/rows | Provides information for how many energy level, shells that surround. |
| groups/columns | Columns that tell how many valence each element has. |
| valence electrons | The electrons that move on the outer shell/ energy level of an atom. |
| atomic number | How many protons an element has inside the nucleus/ usually the same # of neutrons and electrons. |
| atomic mass | The measurement of the mass for a elements atom. |
| chemical property | The ability of substances to combine with each other forming new/ different compounds and molecules. |
| physical property | The state of matter/ appearance of a substance. |
| ionic bond | When elements either lose or gain a electron during bonding. |
| covalent bond | When elements share electrons during bonding. |
| chemical change/ reaction | Elements bond together through the attractive force of electrons creating some type of reaction/ change. |
| compound/ molecule | Two or more elements combined together in a specific ratio/ pattern creating a entirely whole, new and different substance. |
| mixture | 2 or more substances combine together keeping their original properties, they don't change into a entirely new substance or compound. |
| Nobel Gases | All of the elements in Group #18 they are the most stable elements because they have eight electrons in their own outer shell. |
| Halogens | All of the elements in Group #17- have a good reactive bond w/ elements in Group #1, only because they have 7 valence electrons and they want to be stable. |
| Alkali Metals | All of the elements in Group #1 they are very reactive because they have only one valence electron. |
| Metalloids | Elements between metals and non-metals that can react either way, they have 3-7 valence electrons. |
| Endothermic | Chemical change that absorbs energy. Ex: baking soda and vinegar. |
| Exothermic | Chemical reaction that releases energy. Ex: sunlight. |
