| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| matter | everything that has mass and takes up space |
| mass | the material matter is made of |
| volume | the space matter takes up |
| density | the amount of mass in a specific volume of space |
| atom | the smallest element and the building block for all matter |
| electron | the particle of an atom with a negative charge, moves around the nucleus and has an attractive force which allows it to bond with other atoms |
| proton | particle of an atom located in the nucleus with a positive charge |
| neutron | particle of an atom without a charge located inside the nucleus |
| periodic table | large grid that organizes all elements by physical and chemical properties |
| element | the simplest substances that cannot be broken down |
| periods/rows | rows tell how many energy levels each elements have for electrons to move around |
| groups or family/columns | columns show valence electrons/the number of electrons that can move on its outer shell |
| valence electrons | electrons that move on outer shell |
| atomic number | how many protons an elements has inside the nucleus |
| atomic mass | the measurement of the mass for an elements atoms |
| chemical property | the ability of substances to combine with each other forming new compounds and molecules |
| physical property | the state of matter and appearance |
| ionic bond | when elements lose or gain and electron during bonding |
| covalent bond | when elements share electrons during bonding |
| chemical change | elements bond through an attractive force of electrons creating some type of reaction and change |
| compound/molecule | two or more elements combine together in a set ratio creating a whole new substance |
| mixture | two or more substances together but keeping there original properties they don't change into a new substance |
| Nobel gases | all elements in group #18 they are most stable cause they have 8 electrons in their outer shell |
| halogens | all elements in group #17 they are reactive bonding easily with elements in group 1 cause they have 7 valence electrons and want to be stable |
| alkali metals | all elements in group #1 they are very reactive because they only have one valence electron |
| metalloids | elements between metals and non metals can react either way, they have 3-7 valence electrons |
