| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Matter | Anything that has mass and takes up space. |
| Mass | The material/stuff that matter takes up. |
| Space/Volume | The specific area/place that matter takes up. |
| Density | D=m/v The amount of mass in a specific volume of space. |
| Atom | Smallest part of an element, the building blocks of all matter. |
| Electron | Particle of an atom with a negative charge, moves around the nucleus and has an attractive force that allows it to bond with other atoms creating everything in the universe. |
| Proton | Particle of an atom with a positive charge located inside the nucleus. |
| Neutron | Particle of an atom with a neutral/no charge located inside the nucleus alongside the proton |
| Periodic Table | Large grid that identifies and classifies all of the elements by their chemical and physical properties. |
| Element | The simplest substances that cannot be broken down / they make up all matter in the universe. |
| Periods/Rows | Rows that tell how many energy levels each elements has for the electrons to move around. |
| Groups or family/Columns | Columns that tell how many valence electrons each element has / the number of electrons that can move on it's outer shell / Energy level. |
| Valence Electrons | The electrons that move on the outer shell / Energy level of an atom. |
| Atomic Number | How many protons an element has inside the nucleus / usually is the same # of neutrons and electrons. |
| Atomic Mass | The measurement of the mass for an elements atoms. |
| Chemical Property | The ability of substances to combine with one another forming new and different compounds and molecules. |
| Physical Property | The state of matter and appearance of a substance |
| Ionic Bond | When elements either lose or gain an electron during bonding |
| Covalent Bond | When elements share electrons during bonding. |
| Chemical Change / Reaction | Elements bond together through the attractive force of electrons creating some type of reaction and change. |
| Compound / Molecule | Two or more elements combine together in a specific ratio/pattern creating a whole, new and different substance. |
| Mixture | Two or more substances combine together keeping their original properties, THEY DO NOT CHANGE into a new substance/compound. |
| Nobel Gases | All of the elements in Group #18 – they are the most stable elements because they have eight electrons in their outer shell |
| Halogens | All of the elements in Group #17 – they are very reactive bonding easily with elements in Group #1 because they have seven valence electrons and want to be stable. |
| Alkali Metals | All of the elements in Group #1 – they are very reactive because they only have one valence electron. |
| Metalloids | Elements between metals and non-metals that can react either way, they have 3 – 7 valence electrons. |
