| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Matter | anything that takes up space and has mass |
| Mass | material that matter is made up of |
| Volume | how much space matter takes up |
| Density | amount of mass in a certain volume or space |
| Atom | smallest part of an element, building block of matter |
| Electron | has a negative electric charge and has an electric force |
| Proton | has a positive electric charge |
| Neutron | particle of an atom located in the nucleus with a neutral or no charge |
| Periodic Table | grid that identifies and classifies the elements into periods and groups by their chemical and physical property |
| periods/rows | provides information for how many energy level, shells that surround the nucleus where the electrons move |
| groups/columns | provides information |
| valence electrons | electrons that move on the outer shell |
| atomic number | how many protons an element has inside the nucleus |
| atomic mass | the measurement of the mass for an elements atoms |
| chemical property | the ability of substances to combine with one another forming new and different compounds and molecules |
| physical property | the state of matter and appearance of a substance |
| ionic bond | when elements either lose or gain an electron during bonding |
| covalent bond | when elements share electrons during bonding |
| chemical change/reaction | elements bond together through the attractive force of electrons creating some type of reaction and change |
| compound/molecule | two or more substances combine together in a specific ratio/pattern creating a whole, new and different substance |
| mixture | two or more substances combine together keeping their original properties, they do NOT change into a new substance, compound |
| Nobel Gases | all of the elements in group 18 – they are the most stable elements because they have eight electrons in their outer shell |
| Halogens | all of the elements in group 17- they are very reactive bonding easily with elements in group 1 because they have seven valence and want to be stable |
| Alkai Metals | all of the elements in group 1 – they are very reactive because they have only one valence electron |
| Metalloids | elements between metals and non – metals that can react either way, they have 3 – 7 valence electrons |
