| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the breakdown of rock material by physical and chemical processes | weathering |
| the process by which rock is broken down into smaller pieces by physical changes | physical weathering |
| oxygen in the air and acids | agents of chemical weathering |
| the breakdown of rocks by chemical reaction | chemical weathering |
| the process by which other chemicals combine with oxygen | oxidation |
| when fossil fuels are burned, other chemicals combine with water in the atmosphere to produce even stronger acids. When these stronger acids fall to Earth, they are called… | acid precipitation |
| temperature changes, pressure changes, plant and animal actions, water, wind, and gravity | agents of physical weathering |
| cause a rock to expand | rise in temperature |
| cause a rock to contract | decrease in temperature |
| repeated temperature changes | weaken the rock, causing the rock to crumble |
| rocks to physically break apart by causing cracks in rocks to expand as water seeps in and freezes, when water expands to become ice, ice expands causing the crack to widen, more water enters crack and expands crack till the rock splits apart | ice wedging AKA frost wedging |
| process by which the outer layer of rock slowly peel away due to pressure changes | exfoliation |
| the breaking down and wearing away of rock material by the mechanical action of other rock | abrasion |
| common features in cave systems as dissolved chemicals are deposited by dripping water underground | stalactites and stalagmites |
| organism that produces acids naturally | lichens and mosses |
| the process by which sediment and other materials are moved from one place to another | erosion |
| the process by which eroded material is dropped, when gravity's downward pull on sediment is greater than the push of flowing water or wind slows down | deposition |
| when a stream floods, a layer of sediment is deposited over the flooded land. Many layers of deposited sediment can form a flat area called….. | floodplain |
| steams often deposit their loads in a fan-shaped pattern called a….. | delta |
| fan-shaped deposit that forms on dry land… | alluvial fan |
| the water located within the rocks below Earth's surface… | groundwater |
| the place where land and a body of water meet | shoreline |
| an area of shoreline that is made up of material deposited by waves and currents | beach |
| an underwater or exposed ridge of sand, gravel, or shell material | sandbar |
| a long, narrow island, usually made of sand, that forms parallel to the shoreline a short distance offshore | barrier island |
| how does flowing water changes Earth's surface | by erosion, and deposition |
| what factors relate to a stream's ability to erode material | gradient, load, and discharge |
| the measure of the changed in elevation over a certain distance | gradient |
| materials carried by a stream | load |
| amount of water that a stream carries in a given amount of time | discharge |
| what landforms can streams create | canyons, valley by erosion, floodplains by deposition, and deltas and alluvial fans by deposition |
| if the roof of the cave collapses is may leave a circular depression called a… | sinkhole |
| what forces shape a shoreline | waves and currents |
| first part of the shoreline the waves meet…finger-shaped projections that form when cliffs of hard rock erode more slowly than the surrounding softer rock does….. | headlands |
| caused by waves hitting the shore at an angle | longshore currents |
| what coastal landforms are made by erosion | sea cliffs and wave-cut platforms, sea caves, arches and stacks |
| forms when waves erode and undercut rock to make steep slopes | sea cliff |
| form when a sea cliff is worn back from shore, producing a nearly level platform beneath the water at the base of the cliff | wave-cut platform |
| form when waves cut large holes into fractured or weak rock along the base of sea cliffs | sea caves |
| form when wave action erodes sea caves until a hole cuts through a headland | sea arches |
| form when the tops of sea arches collapse and leave behind isolated columns of rock | sea stacks |
| what coastal landforms are made by deposition | beaches, sandbars and barrier islands |
| glacier that forms in a mountainous area | alpine glacier |
| thick deposits of the windblown, fine-grained sediment | loess |
| bowel shaped depression at the head of a valley | cirques |
| general term for all the materials carried and deposited by a glacier | glacial drift |
| extremely slow movement of material downslope | creep |
| when loose rocks fall down a steep slope | rockfall |
| sudden and rapid movement of a large amount of material downslope | landslide |
| rapid movement of a large mass of mud, happens when a large amount of water mixes with soil and rock | mudflow |
| how can wind shape Earth | abraded rock, desert pavement, dunes and loess |
| what kinds of ice shape Earth | flowing ice, alpine glaciers, and continental glaciers |
| how can gravity shape earth | slow mass movement, rapid mass movement, |
| a region of increased elevation on Earth's surface that rises to a peak | mountain |
| a large mass of gradually moving or flowing ice that forms by compacting of snow by natural forces | glacier |
| body of fresh or salt water that is surrounded by land | lake |
| large, natural stream of water that flows into an ocean or other large body of water, such as a lake | river |
| a deposit, formed by sediment, that accumulates at the mouth of a river | delta |
| dynamic boundary between land and the ocean | coastline |
| mound of wind-deposited sand | dune |
| removal of fine sediment by wind | deflation |
| sharp ridge that forms between two cirques that are next to each other | arete |
| when 3 or more aretes join, they form a sharp peak called,,,,, | horn |
